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Gum and Periodontal Disease

What is Gum / Periodontal Disease?

Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is a serious bacterial infection that can affect the gums and destroy the bone that supports the teeth.

Periodontal disease commonly referred to as “gum disease” is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gum and bone that supports the teeth. It is caused by bacterial plaque which develops on teeth. This leads to inflammation of the soft tissue or gums around teeth. At this stage, the disease is classified as gingivitis and is completely reversible with proper oral hygiene efforts and maintenance. If left untreated, the inflammation progresses deeper to the underlying supporting bone causing bone loss around teeth. This is termed periodontitis.

While plaque is necessary for periodontal disease to develop, the immune response contributes to the variable levels of disease manifestation between individuals. If gum disease is left untreated, progression of the disease can lead to tooth loss. Studies show that nearly 50% of adults over age 30 have destructive periodontal disease. Periodontal disease often has no symptoms, however, there may be Warning Signs.

Warning Signs
Risk Factors
General Health and Periodontal Disease
Warning Signs

If you have noticed any of the following changes over the last five years, you may have gum disease and should see a periodontist.

  • Bleeding or painful gums
  • Swollen gums
  • Receding gums
  • Bad breath
  • Loose or separating teeth
  • Change in position of teeth or development of spaces between teeth
Risk Factors

Some individuals are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease due to a number of factors. Be sure to ask your dentist about your risk if you have any of the following:

  • Genetics/Family history of tooth loss
  • Age
  • Smoking or tobacco use
  • Systemic diseases (diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.)
  • Stress
  • Clenching or grinding your teeth
  • Poor or inadequate oral hygiene
General Health and Periodontal Disease

Tooth loss is not the only potential problem posed by periodontal disease. Research suggests that periodontal disease can adversely impact health conditions such as:

  • Diabetes
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Stroke
  • Respiratory diseases
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Possible links with certain cancers

Diagnosis

A comprehensive periodontal evaluation, as part of a regular dental check-up, is essential in assessing your overall dental health. This examination involves measuring the spaces between the tooth and gum (probing) as well as evaluation of other characteristics. Radiographs, or x-rays, are critical in determining if bone loss has occurred. In addition, a thorough review of the medical history including habits is completed as it may highlight certain risk factors that increased the likelihood of disease.

Our office utilizes digital radiography, which enhances efficiency and reduces radiation exposure. Once a diagnosis has been made, treatment recommendations will be discussed and explained.

Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Fortunately, most forms of periodontal disease can be successfully treated allowing preservation of your natural teeth. We strive to educate our patients to help them achieve and maintain a healthy smile. Research suggests that the disease in your gums can contribute to problems in the rest of your body. In turn, successful treatment of your periodontal condition can significantly impact your overall systemic health.

For more information on periodontal disease go to the American Academy of Periodontology website, where you will find more detailed information.

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